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Manuel Fal Conde, 1st Duke of Quintillo (1894–1975) was a Spanish Catholic activist and a Carlist politician. He is recognized as monumental figure in the history of Carlism, serving as its political leader for over 20 years (1934–1955) and heading the movement during one of its most turbulent periods. Initially he led the belligerent faction pressing anti-Republican insurgency; during the Spanish Civil War he joined the Nationalists; later on he championed anti-Francoist strategy. ==Family and youth== Manuel Lorenzo José Fal Conde was descendant to a petty bourgeoisie family originating from Asturias;〔(Marín Fidaldo, Manuel M. Burgueño ), ''In memoriam. Manuel J. Fal Conde (1894-1975)'', Sevilla 1978, p. 19〕 it is not clear when its representatives settled in Higuera de la Sierra, a minuscule town in the Andalusian province of Huelva. Though many of his ancestors were related to medicine,〔Manuel Fal Vázquez (born 1783), José Fal Vázquez (b. 1788), Manuel Fal Reyes (b. 1818), Juan Fal Reyes (b. 1817), Juan Fal Sánchez (b. 1849), Rafael Lancha Fal (b. 1885), Marín, Burgueño 1978, p. 19〕 his father, Domingo Fal Sánchez (1857-1926),〔Marín, Burgueño 1978, p. 23〕 was referred to as “agricultor y industrial”. He owned a small manufacture producing cork utilities〔Marín, Burgueño 1978, p. 19〕 and served as alcalde of Higuera between 1900 and 1905;〔''Alcaldes que rigieron el ayuntamiento de Higuera de la Sierra'', () ''Inquietudes y vivencias de un sexagenario'' blog 25.10.13, available (here )〕 also later on Domingo Fal exercised influence on Higuera's life.〔e.g. in 1918 he launched Cabalgata de Reyes, the second oldest cabalgata in Spain, ''Higuera de la Sierra espera unas 35.000 visitas a su Cabalgata de Reyes en su 96 aniversario'', () ''lainformacion.com'' service 03.01.14, available (here )〕 He married a local girl, María Josefa Conde;〔Marín, Burgueño 1978, p. 19〕 the couple lived in a building housing also the workshop. They had 4 children, Manuel born as the youngest one; his mother died 13 days after giving birth.〔Marín, Burgueño 1978, pp. 19-20〕 The widowed sister of Domingo helped to look after the children, brought up in fervently Catholic ambience.〔Marín, Burgueño 1978, p. 19〕 As a youngster Manuel commenced his education in the Extremaduran town of Villafranca de los Barros. He entered the local Jesuit college〔founded back in 1893, see ''Historia'' () ''Colegio San José'' service, available (here )〕 and joined his two older brothers already having been educated there.〔Marín, Burgueño 1978, p. 19〕 The Jesuit education proved crucial in Manuel’s formative years. It was Gabino Márquez, the Villafranca scholar of biblical studies, papal teaching and pedagogy,〔compare ''abebooks'' service available (here )〕 who paid particular attention to the student he considered promising.〔Marín, Burgueño 1978, p. 20〕 Following bachillerato obtained in 1911〔with excellent marks, Marín, Burgueño 1978, p. 20〕 the young Fal entered the Jesuit novitiate, but he changed his mind some time afterwards, pondering upon studying medicine.〔Marín, Burgueño 1978, p. 20〕 His father dissuaded the choice as the older brother, Domingo, was already pursuing that path;〔Marín, Burgueño 1978, p. 20. For his work as a doctor Domíngo was later recognized by the Higuera community with major street named after him〕 eventually Manuel commenced law studies in Seville.〔Marín, Burgueño 1978, p. 20〕 At Universidad Hispalense Fal was drawn to a circle of Manuel Sanchez de Castro,〔Leandro Alvarez Rey, ''La derecha en la II República: Sevilla, 1931-1936'', Sevilla 1993, ISBN 9788447201525, p. 135〕 a Carlist, catedratic of natural law and moving spirit behind the emergence of militant Catholicism in Seville.〔Marín, Burgueño 1978, p. 20. compare José Calvo Gonzalez, ''Restauración tomista y catolicismo militante en la Universidad de Sevilla (1884-1924''), () ''Anuario de filosofia del derecho'' 6 (1989), pp. 377-395〕 He graduated as licenciado in 1916; following a year in Madrid he obtained the grade of a doctor.〔Marín, Burgueño 1978, p. 21; not correspondent to the current PhD, in the Spanish education system of the time the title enabled to teach in colleges〕 In 1917 he served as soldado de cuota〔in 9. Regimiento de Infanteria of Soria, Marín, Burgueño 1978, p. 21〕 and in 1918 he entered Colegio de Abogados de Sevilla.〔Marín, Burgueño 1978, p. 21〕 Following brief internship Fal opened his own office at calle José Gestoso.〔below the apartment occupied by his cousin Rafael Fal, Marín, Burgueño 1978, p. 21〕 In parallel to his law practice Fal commenced also his brief teaching and academic career. He taught history and law and ethics at the Jesuit college of Villasis in Seville.〔Marín, Burgueño 1978, pp. 21-22, Alvarez Rey 1993, p. 135〕 At Universidad Hispalense he worked at department of derecho procesal, at the same time pursuing research in history of Spanish political law.〔Alvarez Rey 1993, p. 135, Marín, Burgueño 1978, pp. 21-22〕 He also briefly managed a car dealership.〔Marín, Burgueño 1978, p. 22〕 In 1922 Fal married María de los Reyes Macias Aguilar (1904-1975),〔''ABC'' 14.07.77, available (here )〕 a native of nearby Sanlucar.〔Marín, Burgueño 1978, p. 22〕 The newlyweds initially settled in Seville at calle Miguel del Cid.〔though in 1952, following death of his older brother, Fal inherited the family house in Higuera, he and his wife have always resided in Seville, living at 6 different locations, Marín, Burgueño 1978, p. 22〕 The couple had 7 children,〔José María, Mari Pepa, Domingo, Teresa, Alfonso Carlos, Javier and Pilar, see ''ABC'' 29.05.75, available (here )〕 born between 1923 and 1938.〔Marín, Burgueño 1978, pp. 22-24, 30, 46-47; 1923 (José María), 1926 (María Pepa), 1928 (Domingo), 1930 (Teresa), 1932 (Alfonso Carlos), 1937 (Javier), 1938 (Pilar)〕 Some were active as Traditionalist militants during the Francoist period and afterwards, in the 1970s opposing the socialist bid of Don Carlos Hugo; José Maria, Alfonso and Domingo Fal-Conde Macias〔in the 1960s he was leading provincial Sevilla Carlists until deposed by the Hugocarlistas, Francisco Javier Caspistegui Gorasurreta, ''El Naufragio de las ortodoxias. El carlismo 1962-1977'', Pamplona 1997, ISBN 8431315644, p. 100, see also Caín Somé Laserna, ''El tradicionalismo sevillano ante la transición hacia la democracia'', () Rafael Quirosa-Cheyrouze Muñoz, Luis Carlos Navarro Pérez, Mónica Fernández Amador (eds.), ''Las organizaciones políticas : Congreso Internacional Historia de la Transición en España'', Almeria 2011, ISBN 9788469490761, pp. 355-368〕 were present as supporters of Don Sixto during the Montejurra incidents of 1976.〔''ABC'' 19.05.76, available (here )〕 In the 1980s Domingo Fal-Conde Macias served as head of Comunión Tradicionalista Carlista, a new united Carlist organization.〔José Carlos Clemente, ''Seis estudios sobre el carlismo'', Madrid 1999, ISBN 9788483741528, p. 23〕 Javier became known as cantaor.〔''ABC'' 19.04.05, available (here )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Manuel Fal Conde」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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